Research suggests this is a known and more widespread thing but I only just realised that the radio edit of “Starships” here blurs out Nicki Minaj’s birth name in the line “My name is Onika, you can call me Nicki”.
edit: looking this up has also reminded me of the edit of Keri Hilson’s “Knock You Down” where Ne-Yo’s “in my pimp ship flying high” had just the word ‘ship’ removed.